O Congresso Nacional aprovou nesta madrugada (12) a Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) para 2019. A matéria segue para sanção presidencial. A conclusão da votação permite que deputados e senadores estejam liberados para o recesso parlamentar, que vai de 18 julho até 1º de agosto. Após a mobilização de várias categorias de servidores públicos, foi retirado do texto o dispositivo que proibia a concessão de reajustes ao funcionalismo e a criação de cargos no serviço público federal em 2019. Até mesmo as medidas que teriam efeito a partir de 2020 estavam suspensas.
A mudança no texto não prevê esses reajustes, mas garante a possibilidade que eles possam ser concedidos nos próximos anos. Para que fosse retirado da LDO, vários partidos governistas mudaram o entendimento e votaram a favor da exclusão do trecho.
Segundo o deputado Paulo Pimenta (PT-RS), suspender o reajuste e impedir as contratações de servidores é uma discussão inadequada para o fim de uma gestão e deve ser decidido pela equipe econômica do próximo presidente da República. “É um debate que a sociedade brasileira ainda não fez, que é exatamente o debate que nós faremos no período eleitoral”, argumentou o parlamentar, ao propor a retirada do dispositivo.
Por outro lado, o senador Dalirio Beber,relator da proposta na Comissão Mista de Orçamento (CMO) argumentou que o dispositivo pretendia impedir que o governante eleito tivesse de arcar com compromissos firmados na gestão anterior. “Não conhecemos quem será o próximo presidente da República, mas conhecemos o grau de dificuldades que ele terá de enfrentar, e esse ponto visa a minimizar o tamanho dos problemas que o governo terá”, defendeu.
Também foi rejeitado o trecho que previa corte de 5% no custeio administrativo para 2019, composto por despesas do dia a dia do governo, como água, luz, telefone, aluguéis e diárias. O percentual de 5% já era uma redução definida após negociações nesta terça-feira antes da aprovação do parecer do relator na CMO. Inicialmente, o texto do parlamentar previa o corte de 10% nessas despesas. Para o parlamentar, o dispositivo era “pedagógico” e “iniciaria um processo de conscientização do setor público”.
Benefícios fiscais
O texto da LDO prevê a redução de 10% dos benefícios fiscais – como renúncias de impostos – no próximo ano. Atualmente, esses benefícios correspondem a 4% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB, soma das riquezas produzidas no país), somando cerca de R$ 300 bilhões.
Segundo Beber, a introdução do dispositivo que obrigará os benefícios fiscais a serem revistos periodicamente e reduzidos em 10% em 2019 e em 50% nos próximos dez anos, teve o objetivo de racionalizar os gastos do governo num cenário de escassez de recursos.
“Esses mais de R$ 300 bilhões de renúncias fiscais passarão a ser revistos periodicamente. Em primeiro lugar, para saber se eles estão dando o retorno que acenaram quando foram instituídos”, acrescentou o senador.
Déficit primário
A LDO orienta a elaboração do Orçamento do ano seguinte com parâmetros econômicos e lista de ações prioritárias para o governo. O texto aprovado manteve a meta de déficit primário (resultado negativo nas contas do governo sem o pagamento dos juros da dívida pública) em R$ 132 bilhões (1,75% do PIB) para União, estados, municípios e estatais. Desse total, a União terá meta de déficit de R$ 139 bilhões; as estatais federais (desconsiderando os grupos Petrobras e Eletrobras), déficit de R$ 3,5 bilhões.
Para este ano, a LDO estima déficit primário de R$ 161,3 bilhões para União, estados, municípios e estatais, dos quais R$ 159 bilhões negativos correspondem somente ao governo federal.
Regra de ouro
Em relação a regra de ouro, que estabelece que o governo não pode emitir dívida pública para financiar gastos correntes (como custeio, Previdência e salários do funcionalismo), o relator manteve o dispositivo da LDO que autoriza o governo a enviar ao Congresso um projeto de crédito extraordinário para autorizar a emissão de títulos em caso de descumprimento da regra.
A Constituição dá prerrogativa ao governo de pedir o crédito extra, que precisa ser aprovado por maioria absoluta. No entanto, o relator incluiu a obrigação de o governo indicar os gastos a serem financiados pelas novas dívidas, que serão discriminados em uma rubrica específica e acompanhados pelo Tribunal de Contas da União.
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