A inflação oficial, medida pelo Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA), fechou 2018 em 3,75%. Em 2017, ela havia ficado em 2,95%.
Os dados foram divulgados hoje (11), no Rio de Janeiro, pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A inflação ficou dentro da meta estabelecida pelo Banco Central para 2018, que varia de 3% a 6%.
Em dezembro, o IPCA registrou inflação de 0,15%, taxa maior que a de novembro, que teve deflação de 0,21%.
Em dezembro de 2017, o indicador havia registrado inflação de 0,44%.
Com alta de 4,04%, alimentos puxam inflação
O principal responsável pela inflação de 3,75% em 2018 foi o aumento do custo com alimentos, que tiveram alta de preços de 4,04% no ano passado. Em 2017, o grupo alimentação e bebidas registrou queda de preços de 1,87%.
O resultado foi impactado pela greve dos caminhoneiros em maio, o que provocou desabastecimento de itens alimentícios e aumento de preços desses produtos.
“Essa paralisação [dos caminhoneiros] ocorreu no fim de maio, então ela teve um impacto pontual, em junho, nos combustíveis e também nos alimentos, por causa do desabastecimento. [Se não houvesse a greve], provavelmente isso acarretaria num nível menor da inflação no acumulado do ano”, disse o pesquisador do IBGE Fernando Gonçalves.
Os alimentos consumidos em casa ficaram 4,53% mais caros no ano, enquanto os preços dos alimentos consumidos fora de casa (em bares e restaurantes, por exemplo) subiram 3,17%.
Os produtos alimentícios que tiveram maior impacto na inflação de 2018 foram o tomate (71,76% mais caros), frutas (14,1%), refeição fora de casa (2,38%), lanche fora (4,35%), leite longa vida (8,43%) e pão francês (6,46%).
Outras despesas
Outros grupos de despesas que tiveram impacto importante na inflação do ano passado foram habitação (4,72%) e transportes (4,19%).
Entre os itens de transporte que ficaram mais caros estão passagem aérea (16,92%), gasolina (7,24%) e ônibus urbano (6,32%).
Já entre os gastos com habitação, o principal impacto no aumento do custo de vida veio da energia elétrica (8,7%).
Entre os nove grupos de despesa pesquisados, apenas comunicação teve deflação (-0,09%). Os demais grupos tiveram os seguintes índices de inflação: artigos de residência (3,74%), saúde e cuidados pessoais (3,95%), educação (5,32%), despesas pessoais (2,98%) e vestuário (0,61%).
Dezembro
Em dezembro, o IPCA registrou taxa de inflação de 0,15%. No mês, os alimentos também foram os principais responsáveis pela alta de preços, com uma inflação de 0,44%.
Os transportes e os gastos com habitação, por outro lado, evitaram uma alta maior do IPCA no mês, ao acusarem deflação de 0,54% e 0,15%, respectivamente.
Capitais
Entre as regiões metropolitanas e capitais pesquisadas pelo IBGE, Porto Alegre foi a que acumulou maior inflação em 2018 (4,62%), seguida por Rio de Janeiro (4,3%), Vitória (4,19%) Salvador (4,04%) e Belo Horizonte (4%), todas acima da média nacional.
As menores taxas de inflação foram observadas em Aracaju (2,64%), São Luís (2,65%), Recife (2,84%), Fortaleza (2,9%) e Campo Grande (2,98%).

























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