Negócios em casa aliam economia no aluguel e qualidade de vida

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A bicicletaria do casal Carolina e Juliano Tancredi funciona na garagem da casa que moram em Perdizes, região oeste.

Levantamento do Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (Sebrae) em 2017 aponta que existem hoje mais de 6 milhões de trabalhadores com registro de Microempreendedores Individuais (MEI) e que quase metade deles opera na própria residência. Em São Paulo, essa prática antiga tem ressurgido nos bairros da capital não só como forma de driblar a crise econômica, mas também como forma de buscar melhor qualidade de vida, como uma tentativa de evoluir profissionalmente ou mesmo colocar os projetos pessoais em prática.

Após 26 anos trabalhando como correspondentes bancários e corretores de seguros, Carolina Tancredi, 41 anos, e o marido dela, Juliano Tancredi, 42 anos, aproveitaram a leve retomada na economia para abrir um novo negócio próprio onde funcionava o escritório do casal. Depois de cerca de um ano fazendo pesquisa de mercado, o casal decidiu abrir uma bicicletaria dentro do espaço de 56 m² com vitrine para a rua, onde atualmente eles vendem equipamentos e mantêm uma oficina.

Para o especialista em empreendedorismo do Sebrae, Ênio Pinto, a falta de oportunidades no mercado de trabalho tem aumentado o número de pequenos negócios em residências nos últimos anos. “Nós temos 13 milhões de desempregados que não conseguem ingressar na sociedade produtiva como empregado, colaborador, funcionário. Você não tem emprego, mas tem muito trabalho à frente de pequenos empreendimentos, então, com certeza, há uma expansão desse perfil de negócio”, avalia.

Contra a crise

Marcos Salusse, coordenador de projetos do Centro de Empreendedorismo e Novos Negócios, da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), aponta que o empreendedor por necessidade tem como características optar por negócios não inovadores e sem planejamento. “Em 2016, quando a economia começa a melhorar, a primeira coisa que acontece é que essas pessoas voltam para o mercado de trabalho, então as taxas de empreendedorismo acabam caindo. Foi o que a gente viu nesse período”, explica.

Além de ser um mercado em expansão, Carolina Trancredi justifica a escolha do empreendimento como um segmento “prazeroso”. “A gente queria algo saudável, queria algo pra cima, algo alegre, com menos estresse, e a bicicleta trazia isso”, explicou a administradora.

A bicicletaria, localizada no bairro da Água Branca, zona oeste da capital paulista, completará um ano de funcionamento em outubro. Sobre o retorno financeiro, Carolina afirma estar muito satisfeita, mas ressalta que o momento exige dedicação.

Outro ponto que a empreendedora destacou foi o investimento relativamente baixo na adequação do espaço. Com os recursos financeiros que tinham, cerca de R$ 8 mil, o casal resolveu utilizar materiais de reúso na reforma, como foi o caso das grades da porta, no vidro utilizado na vitrine, além de objetos construído com pallets. Muitos dos materiais para oficina foram adquiridos com lojistas que estavam fechando o negócio e eles também contaram com a doação de fornecedores que apostaram no empreendimento.

O especialista do Sebrae alerta que é preciso ter cuidado para não misturar as contas da empresa com as despesas pessoais. “E na hora que você mistura as contas da sua casa com as contas do negócio você começa a ter dificuldade de tomar decisão gerencial, não sabe quais são os reais números do empreendimento e fica com dificuldade de fazer análise e tomar decisões”, disse Ênio Pinto.

Para a administradora da bicicletaria, o fato de não ter uma renda fixa todo mês é uma barreira na organização. “Quando a gente é microempreendedor, é muito difícil separar a pessoa física da pessoa jurídica, porque você não tem nada garantido. A gente não tem um salário fixo, que todo quinto dia útil está na nossa conta”, apontou.

Qualidade de vida e menor custo

A designer de moda, Julia Martins, compartilha o espaço da casa com ateliê e loja de roupas, em Barra Funda, região oeste.

Júlia decidiu procurar uma casa grande onde pudesse aliar a vontade de crescer a família e o negócio. Para otimizar a venda, outro ponto importante era a escolha do local, o que levou a designer de moda a deixar a região do Capão Redondo, zona sul paulistana, onde ela morava, e buscar uma casa na região central da cidade. O imóvel foi alugado no bairro Barra Funda, na zona oeste.

Ela fez um investimento de R$ 25 mil, com empréstimo de banco e ajuda de amigos, para adequar a casa para receber os clientes. Júlia conseguiu quitar a dívida em cinco anos de funcionamento do estabelecimento. Atualmente, ela não mora mais no local onde funciona a confecção e a loja de vestuários, mas mantém o ponto pelos clientes, além de servir como um espaço para produzir a mercadoria.

A designer conta que, em certo momento, reunir família e trabalho no mesmo espaço passou a limitar tanto o empreendimento quanto o bem-estar familiar. “Quando eu era solteira, isso nem era tanto uma questão, mas depois que você começa a crescer, os membros começam a aumentar, aí você tem sua filha, tem o seu marido”, afirma. Ela conta que para expandir o negócio foi necessário separar o ambientedoméstico do profissional.

Ênio Pinto destaca que os investimentos para adequação do negócio em casa não devem pesar muito no orçamento inicial. “Não vale a pena investir muito porque quando você começa a operar dentro de casa, logo vai chegar o momento em que o negócio vai exigir que você saia”, apontou. Ele explica que, com uma maior profissionalização e com o crescimento do negócio, o espaço físico compartilhado pode limitar sua expansão.

No caso do advogado autônomo Gerson Clayton, 38 anos, dividir o espaço de trabalho com o ambiente familiar é possível, mas depende de certos cuidados. “Uma coisa que a gente tem sempre que tomar muito cuidado, é ter uma rotina para não se atrapalhar”. Ele é rigoroso inclusive na vestimenta quando está em horário de trabalho. “Quando dá o horário de atendimento, que se inicia às 9h, eu tenho que estar na minha sala. Tenho que estar vestido como advogado”, brinca.

Gerson montou o escritório em casa, no bairro do Bixiga, na região central, e decidiu que, após trabalhar muitos anos em escritórios de advocacia, precisava evoluir como profissional. “Até por uma questão de colocar mais as minhas próprias ideias, porque quando você trabalha em uma associação de advogados às vezes você diverge. Também tem a questão do próprio ganho, você acaba não dividindo tanto, então você acaba ganhando mais”, complementa.

 

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